Commodore CDTV - it's nothing short of revolutionary

Launched in March 1991, Commodore's CDTV  - not Compact Disc TeleVision, but actually Commodore Dynamic Total Vision - was one of the very first consumer systems to provide video playback from CD-ROM, and one of the first CD-ROM-based consumer devices, period. 

From the front, it looked much like a regular CD player or VCR, but belied the fact that internally it was essentially an Amiga 500 by its range of standard Amiga ports around the back. 

It differed slightly from the A500 in having the new Fat Agnus graphics chip, but the other two of the highly-acclaimed PAD set - Paula and Denise - remained the same. It also contained an additional 512K of ChipRAM - dedicated memory for the PAD chips, a bit like a CPU having its own cache memory - bringing the total up to 1MB.

When Atari tried to launch its CD-ROM drive, a lack of software nearly killed it off. Commodore had the same issue with the original Amiga 1000, as it took a long time before enough software was available, so this time it had taken great pains to ensure that there would be enough for the CDTV's launch, promising that 100 titles would be available.

A prototype of the CDTV was reviewed in August 1990's PCW, with a copy of Europe's largest CD-ROM manufacturer Next Technology's Welcome disc running on it. The review said of a section featuring a biography of composer JS Bach that it:

~"...works particularly well: perhaps the most exciting thing technically about the CDTV is the ability to mix music from the CD with music and speech from the Amiga. One application which is being worked on is a music training package which will combine with MIDI to teach people to play a musical instrument".

The system was so new that there was no particular standard as to how programmers should make their software retrieve information or interact with the user. This was apparently partly a conscious decision as it was seen that imposing any sort of restrictions might put developers off, and the CDTV desperately needed software if it was to succeed.

The entire software-side of the project was being run by Gail Wellington, once the head of the Commodore's UK software division but now back at Commodore HQ in Westchester, Pennsylvania.

Wellington, along with her team on the second floor at 1200 Wilson Drive, gathered contributions from a large number of developers around the world, largely thanks to contacts built up by Wellington over her years at Commodore. 

The company even ended up spending $125,000 to purchase what was only the third-ever CD mastering machine in the US, so it could create CDs on behalf of developers so they could actually test their software[source: https://commodore.international/2021/11/21/gail-wellington-far-more-than-just-a-herder-of-cats-and-mother-of-cdtv/]. 

Writable CDs had only been on the market for a year or so, and required fridge-sized machines costing in the region of $35,000[source: https://www.minitool.com/lib/cd-r.html].

Meanwhile, the review concluded positively, calling the CDTV an:

~"amalgam of Amiga, CD player, software and, most importantly, marketing. Broken down into these individual components it's nothing special, but the CDTV is more than the sum of its parts. It's a real multimedia machine and will, if it's a success, be the first home computer which is an appliance. This could have huge repercussions, paving the way for a number of other manufacturers to open up the market. Sam Tramiel of arch-rival Atari told a trade paper that he welcomed the CDTV as it would make his life - persuading companies to developer for the Atari CD-ROM - easier. As a yuppie toy it's expensive, but then all the best yuppie toys are: you wouldn't want the hoi polloi buying anything trendy and matt black[source: Commodore CDTV, PCW, August 1990, pp. 128-132]".

Perhaps it was too ahead of its time, but neither it nor the contemporary Phillips CD-i fared well in the market. 

PCW noted as much, when it awarded the CDTV its runner-up "Turkey of the year" award for 1992, saying that:

~"What Commodore failed to take into account was that the market is nowhere near ready for the 'definitive multimedia solution'. Even if it were, Philips' marketing clout would enable its CD-i product, released last May [1992], to take the lion's share".

In something of a last-ditch attempt to move sales, Commodore - which had invested millions in its distribution and marketing channels, as well as in customer education - relaunched the CDTV as the Amiga CDTV at the beginning of 1993. It also dropped the price down to £399, or about [[399|1993]] in [[now]].

PCW concluded in its Turkey awards, published in the February 1993 issue, that:

~"Before Christmas, Commodore's installed base of CDTV users totalled 20,000, which would just fill under a quarter of Wembley Stadium. It's a sad reflection on Commodore that more people would attend a Bros concert than buy its CDTV. But then Bros and the CDTV have at least one thing in common: Bros records aren't selling that much now either[source: "PC​W Turkey of 1992", PCW, February 1993, p. 265]".

The CDTV retailed for £600 at launch - about [[600|1991]] in [[now]] - and was to have been followed up by an improved and cheaper CDTV-II, but this was never released[source: https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211908/http://bboah.amiga-resistance.info/cgi-bin/showhardware_en.cgi?HARDID=34]. 

[picture: Comm_CD32_percw_nov93.webp|A publicity shot of Commodore's CD32 as seen in November 1993's PCW]

The original CDTV was discontinued in 1993, but that didn't stop Commodore from having another go at a multi-media consumer device when it launched its CD32 at London's Science Museum in July of the same year.

This was similarly based upon one of the company's existing Amiga machines, in this case the A1200, but with the floppy drive and keyboard removed and a CD-ROM drive added. 

It ran a Motorola 68020 and contained a modified version of Commodore's update to the earlier "Portia, Agnus and Denise" Amiga graphics chipset in the shape of the Advanced Graphics Architecture video co-processor.

Unlike the CDTV, the CD32 was aimed strictly at the games market - it looked a little like Sega's MegaCD and even came with a Nintendo-style game controller, but with no fewer than eleven buttons and a thumb pad. 

PCW wrote of the CD32 and its controller in the November 1993 issue, saying that:

~"it makes it instantly suited to games, which is just as well because that's where Commodore is coming from, but the technology is certainly capable of doing more[source: "Commodore CD32", PCW, November 1993, pp. 528-529]".

The CD32 sold reasonably but not spectacularly, although it did quite well in the UK, at one time gaining more than 50% of the CD-ROM game market[source: http://www.videogameconsolelibrary.com/pg90-cd32.htm#page=reviews].

However it failed to rescue Commodore's fortunes and ended up being the last product that the company launched before filing for bankruptcy in April 1994. 

Delays caused by an injunction preventing Commodore from importing anything into the US meant it never had a chance to go on sale in Commodore's home market before the company failed.

